t/j — w — LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOHDiliSNI NVIN0SH1IWS co z co ^5 „ . ^ ^NouniiiSNi NviNOSHiiws^saiavaan libraries Smithsonian i — • tn — m ~ ± co 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVIN0SH1IWS Z , CO Z r CO Z CO j%oiinuiSNi NviNOSHims^saiavyan libraries Smithsonian i^OSV^ co — co — co I LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVIN0SH1IINS i w NoiinniSNi NviNOSHiiws^saiavuan libraries Smithsonian ^^^5^P^e r v/ i Z -J Z _j 2 1~"LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOUfUllSNI NVIN0SH1IWS CO CO NOIinillSNl"~NVINOSHllW$ S3 I H VH a l"l"~L I B RAR I ES SMM IONIAN z < z o w | Vovdc^ | <^ 2 ^ > BRARIES^SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHHWs" en 5 co — a §/ o: WML* ^ ' NOIinillSNI^NVINOSHllWS S3IHVU8n LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN z r* ' . r- z CD X) > co — CO 1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI z , co 2: » to z - *. - /*££i&\ ^ ^ s >*l^' - M W NouniusNi NviNOSHiiws^saiyvMan libraries smii co z \ w 5 *" u ^<3sS\ co J^ ^ /MS2^\ co xcT^oX w ^^/ ;r WILLIAM H. DALL SECTIONAL LIBRARY DIVISION OF MOLLUSKS THE ZOOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 5 BEING %^®> A ^ DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW, OrJ^NTERESTIT^ ANIMALS, ♦$> v & BY WILLIAM ELFORD LEACH, m.d. F.L.S&W.S. >' ' FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF EDINBURGH, AND OF TIIi: ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, AND ivTEDICO-CHIRUKCIC \L SOCIETY OF LONDON, &C. ILLUSTRATED wHlC COLOURED FIGURES, DRAWN FROM NATURE, BY R. P. NODDER, ANIMAL PAINTER, AND DRAFTSMAN IN NATURAL niSTOKY. VOL. I. _ lesion of Mc&tt&g Sectional Library LONDON: PRINTED BY B. M C MILLAN, BOW-STREET, For E. NODDER & SON, 3 4.,Tavistock-Street, Covent-Garden ; AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 1814. u H3 TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR JOSEPH BANKS, BART, K. B. PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, TRUSTEE OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, &c. &c. &c. THIS MISCELLANY IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY HIS MUCH OBLIGED, AND VERY OBEDIENT SERVANT, THE AUTHOR. B 2 A D VERTISEM ENT- Th e object of this Work is, to publish new sub- jects as they occur, and to figure those species which, having been confounded with others, require elucida- tion. In the Naturalist's Miscellany, and in other works of a similar kind, it has been usual to repeat the gene- ric character whenever different species were given ; but as this appears to be unnecessary, we shall on such occasions merely refer to the character, unless it should require amendment. The Figures, unless mentioned to the contrary, will represent the animals of the natural size. At the completion of each volume, a Systematic Index, with an Index of Synonyms alphabetically ar- ranged, will be given, and any incorrections that shall have occurred will be noticed. SCIURUS. Sciurus, Linn., Pall., GmeL, Cuv., Dion. Character GenEricus. Denies incisores duo simplices : superiorcs cuneati, inferiorcs ad latera compressi ; molares ad utrum- que latus superiores quinque, inferiores quatuor. Cauda corporis longitudine, compressa, nilosa, disticha. Pedes ant'ici tetradactyli, postici penladactyli. SQUIRREL. Generic Character. Incisor or front teeth simple, two in each jaw ; the upper ones wedge-shaped, the under compressed at their sides : grinding teeth on each side of the upper jaw, five ; of the lower, four. Tail as long as the body, hairy, compressed, and spread- ing laterally. Forefeet with four, hinder with five fingers. The species of this genus are very lively and active, and inhabit the greater portion of the globe, living in trees, and feeding on various kinds of fruits. They are very fond of nuts, which they open by rasping off the small end with their front teeth, and splitting the shell. When eating they sit erect, holding their food in their fore feet, which they use as hands, and covering their body with their broad tail ; from which latter circumstance they have derived their name*. Those species which inhabit the more temperate regions, lay in a hoard of winter provisions, consisting of nuts, acorns, &c. which they deposit in the hollow of a tree, or under the earth. Squirrels produce from four to seven young at a time, They compose their nests with moss, dried leaves and fibres, which they place in the forked branch of a tree ; some of the species have two holes or entrances to their nest, and are said by Pliny to stop up that in the windward side. * From c-kkx, a shade, and «^a, a tail. 6 TAB. I. SCIJJRUS PENICILLATUS. S. pilis fjityo fuscoque mistis ; dorso lineis tribus Iate- ribusque paliidis, gula ventreque albidis, auribus subrotundatis imberbibus, cauda ad apicem penicil- lata. Habitat in Madras. Mus. Dom. Sovverby. PENCIL-TAILED SQUIRREL. Body covered with a mixture of fulvous and brown hair, having three lines on the back, and the sides pale yellowish ; the throat and belly whitish ; ears somewhat rounded, and not tufted ; apex of the tail pencilled. Inhabits Madras. This animal was taken in the young state in a library at Madras, where the old one had formed a nest in a large book, into which she had perforated. It was brought alive to England, and was kept some time by Mr. Carlisle, who, after its death, gave it to Mr. Sowerby ; and to the kind- ness of the last-mentioned gentleman, we are indebted for the figure, which represents the species one-third of the natural size. This squirrel agrees so exactly with the descriptions of the Sciurus Palmarum, Linn.; Le Palmist, Buff., that were it not for the curious tuft at the extremity of the tail of our animal, (of which they make no mention), \s«'5V:Pu.U->'ti' J uma uH 9 It is very nearly allied to the Oriolus Xantkornus, giveu by Dr. Shaw in the Naturalist's Miscellany, Plate 243, from which species however it appears to me to be suffi- ciently distinct; and in this opinion Mr. Bullock coincides. In the figure referred to by Linnseus, in Edwards' Gleanings, the wing-coverts externally have a few black markings, and the bill is longer, narrower, and incurved ; I have therefore affixed a doubt to the reference. As the distinctions between 0. Xanthomas of Shaw and this species are rather obscure, it may not be deemed improper to give the leading marks of distinction, taken from two specimens in Mr. Bullock's Museum. ORIOLUS XANTHORNUS. O. flavus, facie ante oculos gula pectore antice te- tricibus remigibus caudaque atris, tectricibiis albo- terminatis, remigibus secundariis externe albis, rectricibus externis duabus utrinque sordido-albo- terminatis, rostro nigro : mandibula superiore basi sub-striata, pedibus nigricantibus. Oriolus Xanthornus. GmelmLihti. i. 391 s 13; Shark Nat. Misled, vol. 7, PL 243. Lesser Bonana Oriole. Lath. Synop. i. 2, 438, 25. Le petit cul-jaune de Cayenne. Bitff. Ois. iii. 247: Planch, enlum, tab. 5, f. 1. 10 BLACK-SHOULDERED BANANA ORIOLE. Yellow Oriole, with the face before the eyes, the throat and middle of the breast deep black ; wing coverts deep black, tipped with white ; secondary quills of the wings externally white; the two external quills of the tail on each side tipped with dirty white ; beak black ; the base of the upper mandible somewhat striated ; legs blackish. Inhabits Jamaica. It is readily distinguished from 0. mexicanus, by the stria; at the base of the upper mandible, which in both of those examined, were similar ; by the colour of the wing- coverts, and tips of the tail-feathers. The back and belly are of an uniform bright yellow, whilst the upper part in the preceding species is olive yellow. The black on the face is distinct, being merely placed before the eyes, whilst the black of the throat is continued into the breast. 11 ACANTH0PH1S. Acanthophis, Daiidin. Trigonocephalus, Oppel? Character Genericus. Caput obtusum depressum, ovato-trigonum, magnum: vertex squamulis imbricatus ; mandibula superior dentibus elongatis incurvis acutissimis veneniferis, preputio protectis. Abdomen scutis obtectum ; cauda subtus scutigera, apicem versus squamulifera, apice aculeato; anus inermis, postice limbo squamoso serie simplice. ACANTHOPHIS. Generic Character. Head large, ovate-triangulate, obtuse, and depressed, the back part above covered with the same kind of scales as those of the back: upper jaw, on each side, with long, incurved, acute, and poisonous teeth, covered (at the base at least,) with a retractile fleshy socket. Belly with broad and undivided scales ; under part of the tail with undivided broad scales, like those of the belly, but towards the point they are divided, and form a double row, set alternately; tip of the tail with a spine-like process; hinder edge of the vent with a single row of scales. Before consulting the authors referred to above, I had named this genus Ophis, and the species acantkurusj and although the term Acanthophis be adopted from having the right of priority, yet it is not used without some doubts of its stability as a generic name; the sting-like process at the extremity of the tail, seeming to be rather an indica- tion of specific than of generic distinction^ but this can only be determined from the discovery of other species. 12 TAB. III. ACANTHOPHIS BROWNII. A. nigricans, labio inferiore albido, superiore antice transversim impresso, eauda sub-abrupte corpore angustiore : apice lateraliter compresso. Habitat in Australasia. BROWN'S ACANTHOPHIS. Body blackish; under lip whitish, the upper with a trans- verse groove in front ; tail somewhat abruptly narrower than the body, with the apex laterally compressed. This highly interesting animal is a native of New Hol- land, and was first noticed at Port Jackson by Robert Brown, Esq. F. R. S. he. who described it in his MS. under the title of Boa ambigua. I have named it after him, as a tribute justly due to him, not only as one of the first bota- nists in Europe, but also as a gentleman zealous for the pro- motion of every branch of natural history. The annexed figure and description were taken from a specimen lent by Mr. A. Huey, who killed it at Port Jack- son. Both he and Mr. Brown inform me, that the natives suppose it to be the most poisonous snake found in New Holland. The head and tail are represented of the natural size, which will convey an accurate idea of the magnitude of the whole animal. ?v *S^ Of •A V i. LAMIA. Cerambyx, Linn., Gcqf., Gmel. Lamia, Fabr., Latr., Donov. Character Generic us. Caput verticale ; labrum facillime discernendum ; an- tenna setaceae, decem-arliculatae, corporis longitu- dine aut longiores, in oculorum sinu interno insertae; palpi filiformes, articulo ultimo elongato-ovato. Thorax cylindricus, lateribus saepe iinituberculatis. LAMIA. Generic Character. Head vertical ; labrum very distinct; antenna setaceous, as long, or longer than the body, composed of ten joints, and inserted in a niche in the front of the eyes ; palpi filiform, the last joint oblong-ovate. Thorax cylindric, the sides frequently with one tubercle. The genera Saperda and Lamia of Fabricius have been considered by Latreille and llliger as constituting but one genus, the parts of the mouth being found to be exactly similar ; and to this genus they have retained the title of Lamia. Some few of the Saperdcc, however, have eleven joints in the antennas, and these I have considered as forming a distinct genus, to which the name Saperda may be continued. The Cerambyx Uneato-coUis of Marsham, is the only indigenous species of this genus Saperda. Of the economy and mode of life of this genus little or nothing more is known, than that the caterpillars live in the bodies of trees, which they perforate and destroy. 14 TAB. IV. LAMIA PIQTA^ L. nigra fiavo-picta, thoracis lateribus pectore an- tennis pedibusque quatuor anticis ca&rulescente- pulverulentis, elytris punctatis. . Habitat in Australasia. Museo Dom. Macleay. PAINTED LAMIA. Black Lamia painted with yellowish-fawn colour ; the sides of the thorax, breast, antennae, and four anterior feet, covered with a bluish bloom ; wing-cases punctured. This very beautiful Lamia is a native of New Holland, and was figured from the extensive collection of Mr.Macleay, which is so liberally open for the benefit of science. The first joint of the antennas, and the tips of the others, have no bloom ; tubercles on the sides of the thorax conic; elytra punctured, the punctures towards the suture being arranged in longitudinal lines, on which part also are two lengthened irregular grooves, approaching nearer to one another as they descend, but not reaching to the apex of the elytra. ***** * s 'irvnn&iyiwA V- fUrin-Ad iy 1\VVZO*»T-"]i«l ill 15 PAPILIO. Papilio, Linn., Fabr., Cram., Dru., Donov., Latr., Cut)., Dum. Character Generic us. Antenna: capitatee, capitulo subarcuato, ob-conico- ovato, vel elongatoobovato. Palpi brevissimi clypeum vix attingentes. ad faciem appressi, non prominuli, articulis duobus primis sub- seque longis, tertio minimo subobsoleto. Pedes in utroque sexu conformes, ambulatorii, ungui- bus distinctis simplicibus instructis, anticis nee mi- nutis, nee spurns. Ala antica saepius subfalcatae ; postica scepe caudata?, margine interno pro abdomine libero vel excisd vel plicato, abdomen in canali siibtus non excipiente ; marginibus externo et anali dentatis. Larva tentaculata, carnosa, furcata. Pupa angulata, antice bimucronala, filo trans verso in medio alligata. BUTTERFLY. Generic Character. Antenncr, at their point?, furnished with a conic-ovate or lengthened-obovate somewhat arcuate club. Palpi very short, pressed close to the face, and scarcely reaching the clypeus ; the two first joints of equal length, the third minute and nearly obsolete. Feet in both sexes alike, and formed for walking, with distinct simple claws, the anterior pair like the others in structure and size. 16 Anterior wings generally somewhat falcate ties often tailed ; the internal margin excised or i d- mit of free play for the abdomen. Caterpillar tentaculated, fleshy, and furcat^ Chrysalis angulated, with two processes bef> ■>- tens itself by a transverse thread. The species of this genus, which constitutes t most beautiful part of the creation, are found chief' the warmer regions, very few occurring in the temper.iu of the world. Their flight is extremely rapid ; their v when at rest, stand erect over their bodies. Papilio Machaon is the only species that has been c! y ascertained to inhabit Britain, P. Podalirius having jn introduced into the British Fauna on \ery dubious autho- rity. ' 17 TAB. V. PAPTLIO MACLEAYANUS. P. alis caudatis glaucis, limbo communi nigro albo- punctato ; anticarum raaculis duabus viridibus. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay. MACLEAY'S BUTTERFLY. Wings tailed, glaucous green, with a black border spot- ted with white, the anterior ones with two irregular spots of green. I am indebted to Dr. Hinton Spalding for this new and elegant species, which was discovered at Port Jackson by Mr. A. Huey. I have named this butterfly after my much -esteemed friend, Alexander Macleay, Esq. Sec. Lin. Soc. &c. to whom I cannot sufficiently express my full sense of his repeated marks of kindness and friendship. ' rf> The tails appear to have been slightly injured, but the other characters are so strong as to distinguish it from every known species of the genus. Papilio Nereus of Linnaeus, Clerck, Ic. Ins. rar. Tab. 30 ; Cramer j Pap. ex. Tab. ]87, A. B. and of Drury, vol. 2, Tab. 4, Fig. 1 and 2, and a Papilio which appears to me to be another species, figured by Cramer, Tab. 378, as the other sex of Nereus, approach nearer to this species than any other ; whilst P. Sarpedon and Agamemnon, seem to form the connecting links betwixt these and the genuine long-tailed Papiliones. c 19 LANIUS. Lanius, Ray, Linn., Lath., Cuv. Character Genericus. Rostrum rectiusculum lateraliter subcompressum, basi nudo; mandibula superiore apice curvata, denticulo utrinque instructa ; ore ssepissime ciliato. Pedes ambulatorii, digitis tribus anticis, uno postico : digito externo ad basin cum intermedio connexo. SHRIKE. Generic Character. Beak strait, with the sides somewhat compressed, and the base naked ; the upper mandible curved towards the apex, and armed on each side with a little tooth ; mouth generally ciliated, or bearded. Feet formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind : the external toe connected with the middle one at the base. The Shrikes prey on small birds, and some of the species also on insects, which they transfix on thorns, devouring the bodies, and leaving the wings behind. They generally tear their food in pieces ; but there are several instances, of mice having been found entire in the stomach of L. Ex- cubitor. Their nests are simply constructed with fibres and moss; sometimes lined with softer materials. Their note is cla- D 20 morous and very disagreeable, especially when they are dis- turbed. Linnaeus, Latham, and Gmelin, place the Shrike be- tween "the genera Sftrix and Psittacus ; but Brisson and Cuvier assign it a plae? in trie Passerine order. TAB. VI. •LANIUS LINEATCJS. L. ater, transversim al'oo iineatus, rostro pedibusqua nijjris. Habitat apud Berbice. Mils. Don). Macleay. LINEATED SHRIKE. Deep black, with transverse white lines ; the beak and feet black. This elegant bird, which is figured from Mr. Macleay's collection, inhabits Berbice, and is very nearly akin to Lanius Doliatus of Linnaeus ; from which species, however, it is most readily distinguished by the want of two or three longitudinal white spots on the head. Lanius Doliatus inhabits Cayenne, where it is very eorn- mon. Brisson has given a very good figure of it in his work on Birds. V ^ .fy.,^,,--,', ?,A lufx-i C,??rMZ*r 7j,v/,w 21 SOLEN. So'len, Linn., Cuv., J Aim. Character Gekertcus. Testa bivalvis, aequivalvis, transversissima, titrinque hians, marginibus subrectis, lateribus subtruncatis, interne impressionibus duabus muscularibus laterali- bus distinctis'; ligamento cxteriore ; cardine termi- nali aut subterminali. Solenarius acepbalus, crassipedius, pede sub- cylindrico. RAZOR-SHELL. Generic Character. Shell bivalve, very broad, the valves equal, gaping at each side, the margins nearly strait, the sides more or less truncate; internally with two distinct lateral muscular impressions; ligament on the outside of the shell; hinge more or less terminal. Animal without ahead, with a thick, somewhat cylindric toot. The Solenes inhabit sand or hard mud on the sea- shore far below high-water mark; their habitation is discovered, by an oval dimple or hole on the surface, out of which some of the species eject water with considerable force. When placed on moist sand, they bury themselves rapidly (and, like all the equivalved bivalves), with the hinge extremity downwards. At low water they descend beneath the surface of the ground, but on pouring salt water into their holes, they d2 protrude their shell above the surface : from this end they extend a long fleshy trunk (composed of rings), which is easily broken,- and which' .they withdraw on the slightest appearance of danger. Many of tb£ species are tgken for the table, by means of a barbed spear;, which is ttfrust suddenly into their shells, and immediate!^ Cum«dV but unless very great caution be used in removing the sand from round the shell, the animal quits it, and sinks into the sand. This curious circumstance was first mentioned to ine by Mr. Macleay, and Mr. Bul- lock assures me that he has often witnessed it. TAB. VII. SOLEN CEYLONENSIS. S. testa recta, una extremitate rotundata, altera ob- lique truncata, cardine terminali, in utraque valva unidentata, dentibus inaiqualibus* Habitat in Ceylon. CEYLON RAZOR-SHELL. Shell strait, with one extremity rounded, the other ob- liquely truncate; the hinge terminal, with one tooth in each valve; the teeth unequal. Inhabits Ceylon, where it seems not to be an uncommon species. The striae at the base (as usual in all the genuine Solenes when decorticated), run longitudinally, and turn abruptly in a transverse direction, giving an appearance to the shell, of being obliquely divided into two equal parts, by a line running in a diagonal direction from one corner to the other. r Ejp ^ *■. - 23 VOLUTA, Voluta, Linn., Cuv. 9 Lam. Character Genericus. Testa ovalis, spiralis, univalvis, basi oblique emargi- nato, (iion canaliculato), apice producto; columella plicata. Voluta iiius trachelepodus, pede compresso aa cer- vicis basin inferiorem ; corpore spirali ; capite ten- taculis duobus acutis, oculis ad illorum basin exte- riorem; ore rostrilbrmi, cylindrico, elongato, re- tractili, denticulis acutis subcurvatis instructo; oper- culo nullo. VOLUTE. Generic Character. Shell oval, spiral, univalve, with the base obliquely emar- ginated (but not channelled), the apex produced; pillar folded. Animal with a compressed foot at the inferior base of the neck; body spiral; head with two sharp tentacul3, with eyes at their exterior base; mouth invert-shaped, elongate, cylindrical, retractile, and furnished with little, acute, and somewhat incurved teeth; no operculum. The animals of this genus are marine, and feed on ani- mal substances. In the Annates du Museum there is an excellent mono- graph on the recent and fossile species of this genus, by Professor Lamarck. 24 TAB. VIII. VOLUTA SUBNODOSA, V. testa luteo-fulvescens glabra tenue striata ferrugi- neo irregulariter strigata; apice valde proddcto, simplici ; anfracto basilari ad apicem subnodoso. Habitat ' -'/. ■ In Mus. Britannico, et Dom. Bullock. SLIGHTLY-KNOTTED VOLULE. Shell luteous, inclining to fulvous, slightly striated, irre- gularly streaked with rust colour; spire much produced, and simple; the body volution towards the apex, with a few slightly elevated knots. The habitat of this very beautiful shell is not known. There is a specimen in the collection of Mr. Bullock, which he most kindly lent me for examination, and another in the British Museum. **■*> ' 25 PHASMA. Phasma, Lecht., Fabr., Latr. Mantis, Linn., De Geer., Oliv. Spectrum, StolL. Lam. Character Gen eric us. Antenna ante oculos fere insertae ; hibrum emargina- tum ; palpi breves. Corpus cylindricum, linea re, alatum; alec membrana- cea?, reticulata?, margine costali late coriaeeo; elytra brevissima ; pedes simplices ; tarsis quinqtie-articji- latis ; pulvillis solidis. Thorax cyliudricus, segmento jecundp, antico maximc lonJ/i-V%vr'n «£' ' '£' 29 CERTHIA. Cert hi A, Linri., Lath., Gr?ieL, Cuv., Dumer* Character Genericus. Rostrum arcuatum,tenue,acutum ; mandibulcz eequales, Pedes ambulatorii; digitis tribus anticis, uno postica majore; ungues longi, arcuati, compressL CREEPEE. Generic Character. Beak slender, sharp, and bent ; the mandibles equal. Feet formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind larger than the others ; claws long, bent, and com- pressed. The Creepers form an elegant and very natural assemblage of birds, many of which are remarkable for the gaiety and splendor of their colours. The food of the genuine Certhia? consists entirely of insects, in search of which they are con- tinually running up and down the trunks of trees. They are found in most parts of the world ; their nests are generally placed in some' hollow, and are composed of moss or dry grass, lined sometimes with materials of a softer nature. Some authors have confounded this genus with Trochilus (Humming-bird), from which it may readily be distinguished by the acuteness of its beak, which part in the Humming- bird is always more or less blunt. Latham states the number of tail-feathers as ten, but in our indigenous species Certhia familiaris, and in all the F 30 exotic species that I have had an opportunity of examining, twelve quills were always found, which induces me to sup- pose the mistake to have arisen from the hurry of writing. TAB. XI. CERTHIA AUSTRALASIA. C. nigra; capite, dorso, collo, gula, pectorequd sangui- neis; tectricibus, remigibusque externe albo margi- natis; ventre albido. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissima. NEW-HOLLAND CREEPER. Black, with the head, back, neck, throat, and breast, scarlet ; the wing-coverts and quills externally margined with white ; belly whitish. It is surprising that a bird so extremely common as this species appears to be in New Holland, should have re- mained so long unnoticed. In the young state the red is less vivid, and is often intermixed with black. , v. 2-rattAtfvKr- v°* "x^i^'-i^ < 7! ■'-I'WSe.r /■»/ * r^i ■<• f% ■ 31 TAB. XIL FIG. I. VOLUTA ZEBRA*. V. ovato-fusiformis, laevigata, albido-sub flavescens; lineis longitudinalibus fuscis; columella quintupli- cata, plica superiore subobsolela. Valuta Zebra. Humphrey's MSS. Habitat in iYustralasiae mari. ZEBRA VOLUTE. Ovate-fusiform, volute, white inclining to yellowish ; with longitudinal brown lines ; pillar with five folds, the upper one obscure. This shell, which is aptly named from its resemblance in colour to the zebra horse, is a native of the New-Holland seas, where it seems to be not uncommon. FIG. II. VOLUTA LINEATA. V. ovato-fusiformis, laevigata, subflavicante-albtda Ion- gitudinaliter subferrugineo-fulvo lineata; columella, quadriplicate, plicis subaequalibus. Habitat cum praecedente. Mus. Dom. Macleay. * For the generic character, see page 23. F 2 32 LINEATED VOLUTE. Ovate-fusiform, smooth volute, of a pale yellowish-white colour, longitudinally lineated with rusty orange ; pillar with four nearly equal folds. Voluta lineata is a native of the same country with the preceding species, to which it bears a strong resemblance ; it may however be readily distinguished not only by the number of folds on the columella, but also by the shape of the notch at the base of the mouth. The outline figures are introduced, to show the distinc- tion in the pillar lip. 33 AMMOTHEA. Character Genericus. Corpus 4-articulatum segmentis omnibus pedigeris, antico in processum capitiformem producto, tuber- culum oculis duobus utrinque distinctis gerentem. Rostrum cylindricum, tubulosum, corpore longius, cor-» poris segmento antico inferne annexum. Mandibuhe rostro multo breviores-, biartieulatas, arti- culis sequalibus, secundo didactylo, digitis arcuatis, apice conniventibus. Palpi rostro longiores 9-articulati, sub mandibulis in- serti; articulo tertio longissimo. Pedes octo; coxis 3-articulatis, articulo medio longiore; femoribus 1-articulatis; tibiis articulis duobus, primo sub-breviore ; tarsis biarticulatis subtus spinulosis, articulo primo minimo; unguibus duplicatis, inae- qualibus. Obs. Organa ovifera 9-articulata, pone rostrum sub pedibus anticis fere inserta. AMMOTHEA. Gekeeic Character, Body four-jointed, each segment bearing feet ; the first produced into a head-like process, bearing a tubercle, on each side of which are two distinct eyes. Rostrum cylindnc. tubular, longer than the body, and attached to the under part of the first segment. Mandibles much shorter than the rostrum, composed of 34 two equal joints, the outermost with a crooked finger and thumb meeting only at their tips. Palpi longer than the rostrum, composed of nine joints inserted under the mandibles, the third joint very long. Feet eight; cosca* with three joints, the middle one long- est ; thighs one-jointed ; libicE two-jointed, the first joint shortest ; tarsi spiny beneath, two-jointed, the first arti- culation minute; nails double, unequal. - The organs on which the female carries her eggs are placed behind the rostrum, nearly beneath the first pair of feet*. This interesting and curious genus is nearly allied to Nymphum^ of which I shall give some account in the next Number. TAB. XIII. AMMOTHEA CAROLINENSIS. A, corpore toto brunneo-testaceo; dorso tuberculis tribus trigonis. Habitat in Carolina^ Australis mari. CAROLINA AMMOTHEA. Body entirely brown -testaceous ; back with three trian- gular tubercles. For this singular species, which constitutes a new genus, I ran indebted to Mr. Latham of Compton-street, who re- ceived two specimens from South Carolina, which were caught on an anchor that had been recently drawn from the bottom of the sea. * One of tbe?e organs is represented in a detached state in the annexed 8*iale 35 SCUTELLERA. Scutellera, Lam., Latr. Cimex, Linn., Geof., De Gcer, Wolff. Tetyra, Fabr. Character Genericus. Scutellum longius quam latius abdomen penitus super- tegens. Thorax antice valde angustatus. Caput subtrigonum ad oculos in thoracem immersum; vertex oeellis dubbus transversimdispositis; antermtf articulo secundo tertio breviore. SHIELDBUG. Generic Character. Scutellum longer than broad, entirely covering the uppei part of the abdomen. Thorax very narrow before. Head somewhat triangular, inserted even to the eyes into the thorax ; upper part or vertex with two little eyes placed transversely ; antennae five-jointed, the second joint shorter than the third. Delamarck, in his Systeme des Animaux sa7is Vertebres, first instituted the genus Scutellera, which was afterwards named Tetyra by Fabricius. This latter name I have applied to a group of insects, comprehending Tetyra nigro- lineata and its congeners, which were included by the above-mentioned authors, and by Latreille, in one genua. 36 All the Scutelhrfulvo; aljs^anticis striga baseos flava 9 maculisque fah$s ; pbsticis fasciis duobus transversis, postica coccinea. Habitat in Australasia. Thorax flavus, maris disco atro. Alae posticae fascia antica maris flavicante, faeminae cassia. Pedes et pectus coccineo-hirti. PAINTED AGARISTA. Black ; extremity of the abdomen fulvous ; anterior wings with a yellow streak at their base, and with fulvous spots ; hinder wings with two transverse bands, the hinder one scarlet. Inhabits New Holland. Thorax yellow, the middle part black in the male. An- terior band of the male yellow, of the female bluisho Feet and breast covered with scarlet hair. * ^ u^ 4J> > f z% ♦. 9? £*' s> /6 ~c,v^%f,J,ealiC!i * LANIUS N.EVIUS. L. mger; dorso, Ventreque cinerascentibus, illo anticc al^-maculat?-; remigibus externe, rectricibusque apicerfclbfe.> ' Spotted Shrike. Lath. Sijn. i. 190, 45. Lanius Naevius. Gmel: Syst. i. 308. Lath. Lid. Orn. 81, 51. Mus. Brit. Habitat ? SPOTTED SHRIKE. Black ; back and belly ash-coloured, the former ante- riorly spotted with white ; quills of the wings externally, and the tips of those of the tail, white. Our figure of this pretty bird is taken from the original specimen described by Dr. Latham, and which is preserved in the British Museum. It has the appearance of being a young bird ; but Dr. Latham, who has seen another specimen, seems to have been fully justified in considering it as distinct from Lanius doliatus, until he should be convinced to the contrary by the examination of intermediate gradations in plumage. The feathers composing the wing-coverts are regularly tipped with white. The under parts of the body are ash- coloured, of which colour the back partakes in a conside- rable degree, tferrajui* »• Fti.C6l/fCi dy.7l'!>^'£itrrt/+ ***. $*** 2«i Pt.jt«/v^ » r«iXu/U* &,* r* i * tu^Jw 49 .' '•' L'A-NIUS. Generic character at page 19- - TAB. XXI. LANIUS OBSCURUS. L. fuscescens; remigibus, rectricibusque ferrugineo- marginatis saturatioribus; capite nigricante ; super- ciliis, gula, pectore, ventreque albis ; rostro, pedi- busque nigricantibus. Dusky Shrike. Lath. Syn. 1, 1.91, 46. Lanius obscurus. Gmel. Syst. 308, 45. Lath. hid. Or?i. 1, 81, 52. Habitat ? Mus. Brit. DUSKY SHRIKE. Brownish ; quills of tail and wings darker, margined with rust colour ; head blackish ; eyebrows, throat, breast, and belly white ; beak and feet blackish. Place unknown. Figured from the specimen in the British Museum, which was described by Dr. Latham many years ago ; no other specimen having occurred, and the bird being un- known to ornithologists, we cannot refrain from giving it a place in this work. R 51 STROMBUS. Strombus, Lin., Gmel., Delamarck. Character Genericus. Testa ventricosa: basis canali brevi truncato vel emar- ginato: labium exterius rectum, (in adultioribus sim- pliciter alatum, ala ad basin inferne emarginata). Animal marinum, carnivorum, trachelipodum; cor- pore spirali ; pede compresso ad cervicis basin infe- riorem. STROMBUS. Generic Character. Shell ventricose ; base with a short canal, which is either emarginate or truncate ; external lip strait (in old shells dilated into a simple wing, notched at the base beneath). Animal marine, carnivorous; body spiral, with a com- pressed foot at the inferior base of the neck. K 2 52 TAB. XXII. STROMBUS.SLOAN.il. S. anfractu basilari laevis, basi longitudinaliter undu- lato-sulcato, apice processibus quadratis, compres- sis, elevatis ; anfractibus superis. hodosis, longitu- dinaliter lineatis, lineis elevatis. Habitat ? Mus. Brit. SLOANE'S STROMBUS. Basal whirl smooth ; base with longitudinal undulating grooves ; apex with elevated, compressed, quadrate proces- ses; superior volutions knotted, longitudinally lineated, the lines elevated. This shell has been considered as an accidental variety of Strombus Pugilis; but the distinctions between them are so strong, that I cannot accede to the opinion, although it is entertained by some eminent conchologists. The pro- cesses on the apex of the first volution, are for the most part marked beneath with a deeply-impressed groove, and those situated nearest to the base, are slightly hollowed on the inner side of the shell. <£S ^ 22. i t-'VW*^* *u-Uc/*.0 6y ftTVC&WT.ww^M St J$n oil HALIOTIS. Character Genericus. Testa univalvis, depressa, auriformis ; discus multiper- foratus; apex spiralis, spira sublaterali-dorsali aut subdorsali ; os ovale, patulum, integrum. Animal gasteropodum; caput conicum truncatum ; tentacula quatuor inaequalia, majoribus acutis, mino- ribus ad apicem oculigeris ; pes magnus. EARS HELL. Generic Character. Shell univalve, depressed, ear-shaped ; disk with many perforations ; apex spiral, the spire almost lateral-dorsal, or subdorsal ; mouth oval, spreading, entire. Animal with a large foot on its belly ; head conic, truncate ; tentacula four, unequal, the larger ones acute, the smaller ones bearing eyes at their extremities. The Earshells adhere to rocks in the same manner as Limpets ; but all the species (as far as I can learn) inhabit deep water, and generally at a short distance from the shore. 54 TAB. XXIII. HALIOTIS RUBER. H. ruber, transversim undulatus ; longitudinaliter lineatus, lineis crenulatis ; spira dorsali. Habitat in Australasia. RED EARSHELL. Red, transversely waved, with elevated, longitudinal, wrinkled lines. Inhabits New Holland. 1ft ^l 8 ^ ^ & 55 GRYLLUS. Character Genericus. Gryllus, Fabricii. Acrydium, GeofF., De Geer, Oliv., Lam., Latr. Ghyllus (Locusta), Linnaeus. AntenncE filiformes saepius subcompressae, inter oculos insertae. Oculi ovati, prominentes, subperpendiculares. Ocelli tres frontales, uno ad oculorum canthum inter- num utrinque, altero infra antennas sulculo aut fossulo insertis. Elytra in utroque sexu consimiha. Pedes postici corpore longiores, saltatorii, tibiis utrin- que postice spinulosis. LOCUST. Generic Character. Antenna filiform, generally somewhat compressed, in- serted before the eyes. Eyes ovate, prominent, almost perpendicular. Ocelli three, one on each side at the internal corner of the eye, another below the antenna?, in a little groove or impression. Elytra in both sexes alike. Hinder feet longer than the body, formed for leaping, the shanks on each side of the hinder margin spiny. The males of this genus emit a loud and shrill noise (for 56 the purpose of attracting the females), by rubbing their hinder shanks against their wings. The depredations committed on the vegetable world, by some species of locusts, is incalculable. They migrate in prodigious numbers, carrying desolation before them ; and although they deprive mankind of a very considerable por- tion of their vegetable food, yet in return, they afford nu- triment of a wholesome and even palatable kind, they being eaten in the fresh as well as in the dried and salted states. TAB. XXIV. GRYLLUS AUSTRALASIA. G. rufescens; fronte producto; thorace arcuato-cris- tato, postice producto. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissimus. AUSTRALASIA LOCUST. Reddish ; front produced ; thorax with an arched crest, produced behind. The annexed plate represents the male and female of this curious insect, which is extremely common in New Hol- land. The lower figure exhibits the male in a sitting po- sition. 20 ■ ■ ■ 57 TAB. XXV. GRYLLUS PICTUS. G. corpore viridescente, fusco, nigroquepictd ; : > -alis flavis fascia nigricante, apice hyalinis ; tibiis postici* carneis : t ho race carinato, postice producto. Habitat in Australasia, .-■•• -' '■-: ..■■■ PAINTED LOCUST. Body greenish painted with brown and black ; wings yellow with a black band, their points hyaline ; hinder shanks flesh-coloured; thorax carinated, produced behind. This beautiful Locust is a native of New Holland, where it appears to be not an uncommon insect. The hinder- margin of the elytra towards the base, is generally green, bordered with light brown. The extreme joints of the wings are sometimes faintly mottled with brown, at other times immaculate. 59 ARVICOLA. A it vi co la, Damh'il. Mtrs, Ray, Briss., Linn., GmeL, Cuv. Character Generic us. Dentes incisores \ simplices, elongati, recurvati; mo- lares * coronis lateribusque sulcatis. Pedes simplices; antici tetradactyli; postici pentadac- tyli. Cauda teres, pilosa, corpore brevior. Aures breves. CAMPAGNOL. Generic Character. Cutting teeth in each jaw two, simple, elongate, recurved. Grinders in either jaw six, having their crowns and sides grooved. Feet simple ; anterior ones with four, hinder with five toes. Tail rounded, hairy, shorter than the body. Ears short. Under the name Campagniol have been confounded several species of what are commonly termed short-tailed mice. They compose their nests of grass or moss, and place them beneath a large stone or in the hollow of a tree, leaving two entrances, to enable them to escape their cne- M % GO mies with facility : theirfood consists of fruits and of grass, and they are said to lay in a store of provisions for the win- ter. The prevailing colour (jn most of the species) of the back, is a mixture of fulvous and black, the hairs being bluish-black below their points ; the hair of the belly gene- rally bluish -black, paler than that of the back, and tufted with silvery white : tail dark coloured above, and pale be- neath. An indigenous species (A. agr^stis) has lately increased so much in the Royal Forest in Hampshire, as to threaten destruction to the young oaks, which they gnaw through a little beneath the surface of the ground. TAB. XXVI. ARVICOLA XANTHOGNATHA. A.fulvo nigroque varia, ventre argenteo-cinereo ; malis fulvis ; cauda alba supra nigra; pedibus fuseescenti- bus subtus albidis. Habitat ad Hudson's Bay. FULVOUS-CHEEKED CAMPAGNOL. Back variegated with fulvous and black ; belly silvery ash -col our ; cheeks fulvous ; tail white, black above ; feet brown, whitish beneath. This species was received from Hudson's Bay by Mr. Bullock, who kindly lent it to me for description. It is represented rather less than half of the natural size. TM 61 XIPHIAS. X I phi as, auctorum. Character Generic us. Caput mandibula superiore longissima, ossea terniU natum. Corpus longum, alepidotum. SWORDFISH. Generic Character. Head terminated by a very long bony upper-jaw. Body long, without scales. The Siuordjish was well known to the ancients by Aris- totle's name of sZifyiug ; it is noticed also under the title of Gladius by Pliny, who records the circumstance of its pe- netrating ships, regarded by many writers as fabulous, but now established as a fact by the most unquestionable au- thority. The Cape of Pelorus (Capo Peloro or Capo di Faro), situated in the Straits of Messina, has long been celebrated for the resort of some species of Sivordfish (probably X. Gla- dius), which is very common in the Mediterranean sea s and is taken by means of a spear in considerable abundance, being highly esteemed as an article of luxury by the Sicili- ans, who purchase it at a high price. " The ancient method of taking them is particularly de- scribed by Strabo, lib. i. p. 6, and agrees exactly with that practised by the moderns."— Pennant. M 2 62 TAB. XXVII. « XIPHIAS RONDELETII. X* corpore\subscabro; linea laterali nulla; pinnis dor- sali et antdi interruptis. Xiphias r, Rondeletii. Leach Mem. IV em. Sac. 2, 58, tab. £, fig. 1. Habitat in mari Britannico, piscibus minoribus vie* titans. Rostrum compressum supra trisulcatum nigrum, in- fra subcarinatum albicans. Oculi subargenteo-viridescentes, pupilla albicante- caeruleo-atra. (Membrana branchiostega 5-radiata ?) Pellis subscabra. Dorsum nigricans. Venter lateraque argenteo-alba. Pinna pectoralis argentea margine antico supra nigri- cante. Pinna dorsalis nigra interrupta, intervallo exarato, Pinna analis caeruleo-nigra interrupta. Linea lateralis nulla. RONDELETIAN SWORDFISH. Body rather rough, with no lateral line; dorsal and anal fins interrupted. Rondeletius is the only author who appears to have no- ticed this species, which he informs us inhabits the Italian % J* 4i* 63 seas. In his rude figure* the posterior anal fin is omitted; but his accurate description leaves no doubt as to the cor- rectness of the reference. The specimen I examined (through the kindness of P. Neill, Esq.) was taken in the Frith of Forth ; on dis- section it proved to be a female, and in its stomach the remains of small fish were discovered : the head was much lacerated ; part of the branchiostegous membrane there- fore may have been torn away, but this conjecture must be decided by future observations. The superior process of the tail was also incomplete, although there can be little doutyt, from what remains, that the appearance was similar to that exhibited in the annexed figure by a dotted line. The length of the body, including the rostrum, was eight feet three inches. The rostrum compressed, black, with three longitudinal grooves above, whitish, with a slight carination beneath. It is at once distinguished from X. Gladius (camwon Swordfish) by the dorsal fin, which in that species is con- nected : may it not be a sexual distinction of that species .?- The flesh was very excellent, and well tasted. * T)e Piscibus mar bus 25. 65 PADOLLUS. Padollus, De Montfort. Character Generic us. Testa univalvis, depressa, auriformis; discus perfora- tus ; apex spiralis, spira dorsali ; os ovale, patulum, irregulare. PADOLLUS. Generic Character. Shell univalve depressed ear- shaped ; disk perforated j apex spiral, the spine dorsal ; mouth oval, spreading, irre- gular. This genus is readily distinguished from Haliotis (Ear- shell) by the irregular form of the outer edge or lip ; the disk has fewer perforations, and the spire is placed farther on the back. The animal is unknown, but it is probably not very un- like that of the Earshell. 66 tab. xxyiit: PADOLLUS SCALARIS, £*; albidus rufo-variegatus ; anfractibus longitudinalitef elevato-tricostatis ; anfractu basilari ad apicem sca- lar!, costa inferiore nodosa, media (5-) perforata, superiore longitudinaliter striata, insterstitiis crenu- latis. Habitat «=** Mus. Brit. STAIRCASE PADOLLUS, Whitish variegated with rufous ; whirls with three lon- gitudinal elevated ribs ; basal volution staircase- like above, with the inferior rib knotted, middle rib perforated (with five holes), upper rib longitudinally striated, the spaces between the striae wrinkled. There is one specimen of this rare shell in the British Museum, which is the only species of the genus that I have had an opportunity of examining. Country unknown. The number of perforations may probably not be con- stant ; the character is therefore not introduced without caution. 15 -3 2"5 T £ 69 MYRMELEON. Myrmeleon, Linn,, De Gee?', Fabr., GmeL, OMv** Lam. 3 Cuv. 9 Latr. Formica leo, Geoffroy. Character Gen eric us. Antenna corpore breviores, subgradatim extrorsum crassiores, arcuata?, acumine distincto ad apicem instructs. Palpi sex; labiales longiores, extrorsum subcrassiores. Oculi indivisi. Abdomen longissimum, lineare. Corpus brevissime villosulum. Tibia hirtse, calcaribus duobus validis terminate. Tarsi 5-articulati. MYRMELEON. Generic Character. Antennce shorter than the body, somewhat gradually thickening towards their extremities, arcuated, furnished at their extremities with a distinct little point. Palpi six ; labial longest, somewhat thicker at their extremities. Eyes undivided, composed of one segment. Abdomen very long, linear. Body very short-villose. Shanks bristly, terminated by two strong spurs. Tarsi five-jointed. 70 The Mymeleones feed on other insects, which they are said to take whilst on the wing : they deposit their eggs in sandy places, and the" larvae- when hatched, are described as forming an ingenious kind of trap for the purpose of taking their prey, which ^consists of srnall insects. For a minute detail of the economy of these interesting msects, I must refe/ to the elaborate works of Rosel and Reaumur. We have no rhajgenous species. TAB. XXX. MYRMELEON ERYTHROCEPHALUM. M. nigricans; capite, collo, coxis, femoribusque qua- tuor anterioribus rufescentibus; alis hyalinis, iridi- centibus fusco-maculatis, margine postico fusescente. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Dom. Macleay, Brown. RED-HEADED MYRMELEON. Blackish ; head, neck, coxa?, and four anterior thighs red- dish ; wings hyaline, spotted with fuscous brown, hinder margin brownish. This elegant species was discovered in New Holland by R. Brown, Esq. ; it has since been once received by A. Macleay, Esq. from the same country, where it seems to be of rare occurrence. The spots on the wings of the same individual are subject to some variation ; I suspect however, that three spots on the hinder wings, will be found to be a tolerably constant character. 71 CUCULUS. Cuculus, auctorum. Character Genericus. Rostrum teretiusculum, gracile, subincurvatum. Nares prominulas. Pedes simplices, digitis duobus anticis, duobus posticis, externis longioribus : ungues sequales. CUCKOW. Generic Character. Beak rounded, slender, slightly incurved. Nostrils prominent, margined. Feet simple, with two toes before and two behind, the external toes longest : nails equal. The feet are generally considered as scansorious, or formed for climbing (pedes scansorii) ; but this not being the case, they must be regarded as simple feet, having two toes before and two behind. The tail is composed of ten feathers, of which those towards the middle are the longest, the lateral ones being remarkably short. Cuckows feed on larvse or caterpillars, and on perfect insects : they are remarkable for neglecting their young, the female always depositing her eggs singly in the nests of smaller birds. Soon after it is hatched it begins to throw the other young birds from the nest, which it accomplishes by gently elevating them one by one to the brink of the o 72 nest, and j irking them ever: The foster-parents continue to feed the cuckow for some time after it leaves the nest, notwithstanding which it' never acquires their notes; whereas all those, birds who possess the faculty of mimickry or of learning tunes', ifnatched under another species of bird, invariably gain their peculiar sonp:, although it is ge- nerally combined with their own natural notes. TAB. XXXI. CUCULUS AFER. C. atro-virens; capile cfistato; gula, pectore, ventre- que Jutescentibus ilia nigro-niaculatii. Habitat ? AFRICAN CUCKOW. Black-green ; head crested ; throat, breast, and belly dirty yellowish, the former mottled with sooty-black. This new and beautiful bird was lent to me by Mr. Leadbeater, of Brewer-street, who received it from Africa. It seems to be a slight variety of the Coucou Edolio va- riete of Levaillant, described in his Oiseau d'slfriqne, vol. v, 44, 20Q. ^» w> HI **4r u ** *2>?-a«™. £nj.>-a/v-^> *- 7>u^^-f 34 79 OURAPTERYX. Piial/ENa, auctorum. Character Genericus. Aiitennce in utroque sexu setaceae, simplices. Palpi cylindrici, breviter-hirsuti, obtusi, articulo ul- timo penultimo breviore. Ala extensre ; anticee triangulate ; posticge truncato- caudate. Larva nuda, geometrica, 10-poda. OURAPTERYX. Generic Character. Antennce in both sexes setaceous, simple. Palpi cylindric, shortly-hirsute, obtuse, the last shorter than the penultimate joint. Wings extended ; anterior ones triangular ; hinder ones truncate- caudate. Caterpillar naked, looping, with ten feet. 80 TAB. XXXV. FIG. I. OURAPTERYX POLITATA. 0. citrina; alis fascia transversa imaculisque fusco- luteis; anticis macula semicirculari nigricante ; pos- ticis ciliis internis et posticis fuscescentibus. Phalaena politata. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3, p. 2, 163, 123. Cram. Ins. 2, Tab. 139? e. Habitat Surinami. POLISHED OURAFrERYX. Citron-colour ; wings with a transverse band and spots of brownish yellow, anterior ones with a semicircular black- ish spot j hinder ones with the internal and hinder fringe brownish. Inhabits Surinam. FIG. II. OURAPTERYX SAMBUCARIA. O. flavicans; alis anticis strigis duabus, posticis striga unica obscurioribus, his apice bipunctatis. Phalaena Sambucaria. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2, 860, 203. Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 2, 134, 19- Habitat in Europse Sambuco vulgatissime. ELDER OURAPTERYX. Yellowish ; anterior wings with two stripes, hinder with one dark stripe, the latter with two spots at their tips. I cannot conceive what can have induced Linnaeus and his followers to ascribe pectinated antennae to this species : it is found in abundance throughout the greater part of Europe, and is named in Britain the Swallow-tail Moth. «3 ■i"fe 3S 81 AMBLYRAMPHUS*. Character Genericus. Rostrum rectum, subconicum, apice obtuso, depresso. Pedes simplices, ambulatorii digitis tribus anticis, uno postico. AMBLYRAMPHUS. Generic Character. Beak strait, somewhat conic, point obtuse, depressed. Feet simple, formed for walking, with three toes before, and one behind. This genus differs from Oriolus (Oriole), in having the point of the beak rounded and depressed instead of sharp. The bare spot in the forehead behind the base of the upper mandible terminates in a point, as in the genuine Orioles. I am induced to consider this as a distinct genus, rather from the opinion of others, than from my own judgment; but as all the known species of Oriole have the point of their beaks acute, this distinction of form may prove to be a very natural and important generic character. * Ab Aij#Kv$, obtusus, (blunt), et p»f*$o?, rostrum, (a beak). Q 82 TAB. XXXV L. AMBLYRAMPHUS BICGLOR. A. nigro-atfef'; capite, collo, gula, pectore, femoribus- qiie.'eaecineis; rostro, pedibusque mgricantibus. Habitat in Cayenne ? Mus. Dom. Corny ns. BICOLORED AMBLYRAMPHUS. Deep black approaching to sooty-black; head, neck, throat, breast, and thighs, scarlet; beak and feet biack.sh. This new and singular bird is figured from the extensive ornithological collection of my friend W. Comyns, Esq. of Mount Pleasant, near Dawlish. It is supposed to inhabit Cayenne. J '*?1^^4//«>*Y*'''■'^5»••■ , '>«V■> ? "' , ' 8: CARYCHIUM. Carychium, Milller . Helix, Gmelin. Turbo, Montagu, Maton et Rackett. Character Genericus. Testa univalvis, ovalis aut oblonga, spiralis: spira ele- vata, regularis, obtusa, anfractibus duobtis ultimis maximis: os integrum, elongatum: labium internum plicatum, infra medium cavernoso-inflexum; eater- num incrassatum, marginatum. Animal tentaculis duobus cylindricis, brevibus, ob- tusis, oculis ad basin postice : operculo nullo. CARYCHIUM. Generic Character. Shell univalve, oval or oblong, spiral; sp ire elevated, re- gular, obtuse, with the two last whirls very large ; mouth entire, elongate : internal lip plicate, with a hollow below the middle : external lip thickened, margined. Animal with two cylindric, short, obtuse tentacula, with eyes at their internal base ; operculum none. The genus Carychium was instituted from the structure of the animal by Miiller, but it has either been confounded with Auricula, (from which it is at once distinguished by .having the two last volutions remarkably larger than the others, and by the want of the upper part of the inner lip), or has been entirely neglected by the followers of De La- marck Q 2 84 TAB. XXXVII. CARYCHIUM ; ;.UNBULATHM. C. anfractibus quinque, jbariilari lutescente fascns fusco- ferrugineis obliquis iimdulosis, superis fusco-ferru- gineis concoloribus, elevato-undiilatis ; ore albo, labio interno uniplicato. p • Habitat in St. Vincent insula. UNDULATED CARYCHIUM. Whirls five, the last dirty yellow with brown-rusty ob- lique undulating bands; upper volutions plain brown-rust coloured with elevated undulations ; mouth white, internal lip with one fold. Inhabits St. Vincent. The following species inhabits Britain, viz. CARYCHIUM MINIMUM. C. pellucido-albidum; anfractibus quinque longitudi- naliter striatis; labio interno bidentato. Carychium minimum. Mull. Verm. 2, 125, 321. Helix Carychium. Gmel. Syst. 3665. Turbo Carychium. Mont. Test. Brit. 2, 339- Trans. Lin. Soc. 8, 182. Pult. Hutch. Dorset, tab. 21, fig. 16. Habitat in Europae sylvis sub muscis pa^im. LEAST CARYCHIUM. Pellucid-whitish, with five longitudinally-striated volu- tions ; internal lip with two teeth or folds. Inhabits the European woods under moss every where. When alive the shell is brownish, with the basal and half of die penultimate whirl whitish. The inner lip has sometimes the rudiment of a third tooth placed above the other two teeth. * ^i^ 3/ i-F-anm^ij^r.wcS^TV^dif/.tT) * *uM*>4c» t- t ft '•(«< 87 TETTIGONIA. Cicada, Linn., Oliv., Lam., Latr., #c\ Tettigonia, Fabricii, Donovan. Character Generic us. Antennce inter oculos inserts, sex-articulataa, decres- centes, articulo ultimo setiformi ad apicem com- presso. Ocelli tres triangulum delinientes. Ocali valde pionunentes. Hostrum triarticulatum, articulis prirais duobus brevi- bus, ultimo longissimo. Tarsi tri-articulati. Elytra et Alee nervosae saepius vitreae, acute deflexae, iilis abJomine longioribus. " Caput transversum, fronte elevata, transversim striata. Thorax segmento antico transverso-lineari. Scutellum in crucem decussation prominens. Abdo- men trigono-conicum. Pedes breves approximati; antici femoribus incrassatis dentatis" — Latreille. TETTIGONIA. Generic Character. Antennce inserted between the eyes, composed of six at- tenuating joints, the last joint setiform, with the point com- pressed. Ocelli three, arranged in a triangle. 88 Eyes very prominent. Rostrum three-jointed, the two first joints short, the third very long. Tarsi three -jointed. Elytra and wings nervose, generally glassy, acutely de- flexed, the former longer than the abdomen. " Head transverse, with the front elevated and striated transversely. Thorax with the first segment transversely li- near, Scutellum like the letter X, prominent. Abdomen tri- angular-conic. Feet short and approximate; anterior thighs thick, toothed." — Latreille. The Tetligonice emit a very shrill sound, whence they are called by the French, chanteuses, or singers : they are sup- posed to be the cicadce of Virgil, which idea has caused some entomologists to retain that name to this genus ; but this being a very doubtful point, the name given by Fa- bricius should not have been rejected. >>-.:T..;.J„f,d {_, * VMTZdvr -Jvwtn/Kft {***<■ 89 TAB. XXXIX. FIG. I. TETTIGONIA MARGIN ATA. T. nigra ; dorso fasciis, thorace macufis, alarum, costa, pedibusque rufescentibus ; alis elytrisqiie hyalinis, immaculatis : femoribus antice nigro. Habitat in Australasia. MARGINED TETTIGONIA, Black ; bands on the back, spots on the thorax, fore edge of the wings and feet reddish ; wings and elytra hya- line, without spots ; anterior part of the thighs black, Inhabits New Holland. FIG. II. TETTIGONIA HARRISIL T. nigra ; capite thoraceque maculis, dorso fasciis ru- fescentibus ; pedibus posticis, femoribus quatuor anterioribus ventreque lutescentibus ; abdomine utrinque macula laterali, sericea, pallida. Habitat in Australasia vulgatissime. HARRISIAN TETTIGONIA. Black ; head and thorax spotted, and back banded with reddish ; hinder feet, four anterior thighs, and belly, dirty R 90 yellow ; abdomen on either side with a lateral, pale, silky spot. Tettigonia Harrisii is very common in New Holland. It was first sent home by the late G. P. Harris, Esq. who informed me that it was named by the colonists, (from the noise it made whilst on the wing), the Razor -grinder. 91 MICTIS. Character Generic us. Caput ad oculos in thoracem intrusum : vertex ocellis duobus transversim dispositis: antenna filiformes • 4-articulatae, articulis cylindncis, aequalibus, aut primo sublongiore. Pedes anteriores consimiles, postici femoribus incras- satis, tibiisque interne dilatatis: tarsi ommes triarti- culati, articulo primo reliquis conjunctis longiore. Corpus elongatum, supra planum: thorax trigonus antice valde angustatus: abdomen lateribus dilatatis. Generic Character. Head immersed even to the eyes within the thorax ; ver- tex with two ocelli placed transversely ; antenna? filiform, four-jointed, joints cylindric, equal, or with the first joint rather longer. interior four feet alike in size and form ; hinder ones with thick thighs and with the internal side of the tibize di- lated; tarsi all three-jointed, the first joint longer than the other two conjoined. Body elongate, flat above ; thorax triangular, very nar- row in front ; abdomen with dilated sides. 92 TAB. XL. mictis crucifera: M. fuscescens; antennis artieulo extirrio, dorsoque macula decussata flavicantibus : femoribus anterio- ribus subtus bispinulosis. Habitat in Australasia frequens. CROSS-BEARING MICTIS. Brownish ; last joint of the antennae and a cross- shaped mark on the back yellow ; four anterior thighs with two small spines beneath. Inhabits New Holland, where it is not uncommon. The upper figure represents the male insect, which is distinguished from the other sex by the more acute expan- sion of the hinder shanks, and by three elevations on the under side of the base of the abdomen ; the whole animal too is narrower, as in most other male insects. % *ta 40 93 PIPRA. Pipra. Linn., Lath., Gmel., Cuv., Dum. Manacus, Brisson. Character Generic vs. Rostrum breve, validum, basi subtrigonum apice sub- incurvum. Pedes simplices, digitis tribus anticis*, uno postico. Ungues curvati saepius compressi. Cauda brevis. MANAKIN. Generic Character. Beak strong, with the base somewhat triangular, and the point slightly curved. Feel simple, with three toes before and one behind ; nails curved, and generally compressed : the middle and outer toes connected at their base. Tail short. The Manakins are remarkable for the gaiety of their colours, and are represented as very lively birds, seldom remaining long in the same attitude ; their flight is short, but quick; they frequent woods; most of the species live in societies, and many of them are said to sing delightfully. Some Piprce nidificate in hollows, and are said to corn- pose their nests of coarse materials. In the early editions of the Systema Naturae, Linnasus confounded Pipra with Varus (Titmouse), but in the twelfth edition he established it as a distinct genus. ' Medio cum exttriore ad basi:: saltern conm •<■ S m TAB. XLL PIPRA DESMARETII. P. caeraleo-atra, nitens ; ventre albido ; ano, gula, pectoreque coeeineis. Habitat in Australasia rarioK DESMARETIAN MANAKIN. Shining blue-black j belly whitish ; vent, throat, and breast, scarlet. I am indebted for this new and elegant species of Ma- nakin, to Mr. A. Huey, by whom it was discovered in New Holland, where it appears to be of very rare occur- rence, two specimens only having been observed in the English collections. It is named after Desmaret, author of a most splendid work on this genus of birds. 1 * 1*3 V 4/ «/v^».*7V«ir 5 99 NEBALIA. Cancer, Herbst. Monoculus, Montagu. Character Generic us. Thorax- latera amplectans, antice rostrata, rostro mo- bili. Abdomen 5-articulatum, articulo primo subrecondito, ultimo processibus duobus elongato-conicis seta ter- minatis. Oculi duo pedunculati, mobiles sub rostro recondendi. Antenna dua? supra oculos inserts, articulo ultimo bi- fido multi-articulato. Pedes duodecim; pari antico longiore, simplici; seg- mento ultimo multiarticulato ; paribus quinque pos- terioribus aequalibus, approximates, articulo ultimo bifido. NEBALIA. Generic Character. Shell embracing the sides, with a moveable rostrum in front. Abdomen five-jointed, the first joint partly concealed, the last joint with two elongate-conic processes terminated with a seta. Eyes two, pedanculated, moveable, capable of being re- tracted beneath the rostrum. Antennce two, inserted above the eyes, the last joint bifid and composed of many smaller joints. Feet twelve ; anterior pair longest, simple, with the last joint composed of many other joints ; five hinder pair equal, and approximate, with the last joint bifid. 100 In a systematic work, this genus would hold a very con- spicuous and important place, as it is not referable to any family hitherto established. Its breathing organs are the same as in the other Crustacea Malacostraca, to which subclass it belongs. ;. xliv. NEBALIA HERBSTII. N. griseo aut cinereo-flayicante ; oculis nigris. Cancer bipes. HerbstuonKraben. torn. 2, tab. 34, fig. 7 , Monoculus rostratus. Montagu Trans. Lin. Soc. 11 9 p. 14, tab. c 2, fig. 5. Habitat in oceano Europeo. HERBSTIAN NEBALIA, Grey or cinereous-yellow, with black eyes. Inhabits the European ocean. This curious animal was first described by Herbst, in hi? elaborate work on the Linnean genus Cancer, and after- wards by Montagu in the eleventh volume of the Trans- actions of the Linnean Society ; but as neither of these au- thors were acquainted with the exact number of legs, and as it constitutes a very distinct genus from any given by modern writers, I have introduced it into this Miscellany., for the purpose of pointing out its characters. It is not uncommon in the south-west and western coasts of England, occurring under stones that lay on mud amongst the hollows of the rocks. The under figure re- presents the animal of the natural size, the other magni- fied. To avoid confusion, the members of one side only are exhibited. e" - 101 NYMPHES. Character Gen eric us. Antenna filiformes corpore breviores, articulis medio subcrassioribus. Palpi quatuor : Exteriores articulo ultimo prsecedente sublongiore, cylindrico, apice obtuso : Interiores articulo ultimo prsecedente longiore, sub- clavato, apice acuminate Labium medio emarginatum. Ocelli nulli. Tibia apice bicalcaretae. Tarsi 5-articulati, articulis integris : ungues duo cur- vati : pulvilli duo. NYMPHES. Generic Character. Antenna filiform shorter than the body, with joints somewhat thicker in the middle. Palpi four : exterior ones with the last somewhat longer than the penultimate joint, apex obtuse: internal ones with the last joint longer than the penultimate joint, somewhat clubbed, with the point acuminate. Lip with the middle notched. Ocelli none. Tibi.e with two spurs at their points. Tarsi five jointed, joints entire; nails t'.vo, curved; pul- villi two. T 102 This genus is at once distinguished from Osmylus by the absence of ocelli, and from Hemerobius by the form of its palpi ; but there are other distinctions between these ge- nera, which may be # drscovered by comparing their cha- racters. - TAB. XLV. NYMPHES MYRMELEONOIDES. X. corpore pedibusque rufescentibus ; antennis nigris apice rufis ; alis hyalinis apice pterigostiisque rufes- centibus illis macula albicante. Habitat in Australasia. Mus. Macleay, Nostr. Totum corpus, et pedes griseo-rufescunt. Abdominis dorsum nigricans. Pterigostium costale totum, et pterigostia sub-costale et post-costale basi nigra. ANTLION NYMPIIES. Body and feet reddish ; antenna black, tipped with reddish ; wings hyaline, with reddish tips and wing-bones, the tips with a white spot. For this new and elegant insect, I am indebted to the kindness and liberality of my worthy friend W.J. Hooker, Esq. who sent it to me, together with his whole collection of neuropterous insects, on which I propose hereafter to write a dissertation. There is another specimen in the museum of A. Macleay, Esq. Body arid feet griseous- reddish ; back of the abdomen blackish; all the costal, and the base of the sub and post- costal winff-bones, black. «*„ 4 * 3-v <> •M • : i Ai-ti»i^n. l '^« ? .->-<»f. "o^-&rA* s <*y Kr -*^"«.» fww?a'-£/ -" Ar > t4 is % 109 LITHOSIA. Lithosia, Fabr., Latr., Hax. . £ * Bombyx, Hiibner. Pfial^na (Noctua), Linn. '"--■ Character Generi&us. Antenna ad basin inter se dissitae, setacea?, in utro- que sexu ciliatae. — Palpi capite breviores, articulo ultimo (secundo manifeste breviore) cylindrico. — Lingua elongata. — Oculi remoti. — Alee, horizonta- ls; inferiores valde plicatae. Larva l6-poda, solitaria. LITHOSIA. Generic Character. Antenna separate at their base, setaceous, ciliated in both sexes. — Palpi shorter than the head, with the second joint evidently shorter than the second, and cylindric. — Tongue elongate. — Eyes remote from each other. — Wings horizontal ; inferior wings much folded. Caterpillar sixteen-footed, solitary. The heads of the Lithosice are covered with short scales, and their face is clothed with hair of a moderate length. TAB. XLIX. Fig. I. & II. LITHOSIA DISPAR, L. alis anticis fuscis vitta marginali ciliisque citrino- flavis ; posticis fiavis apice fuscescentibus abdomine 110 flavo : (Mas alis anticis macula discoidali ad mar- ginem posticum attingente flava). Habitat in Australasia. UNEQUAL LITHOSIA. Anterior wings fuscous, with a marginal streak and fringe of citron -yellow ; hinder wings yellow, tufted with brownish. (Male with a central spot on the anterior wings, reaching to the hinder margin). Lithosia dispar is a native of New Holland. The female bears a considerable resemblance to the following species, but is easily distinguished by the colour of the tips of the hinder wings, and by a black border in front of the margi- nal streak of the upper wings, which is distinct in both sexes. Fig. III. LITHOSIA COMPLANA. L. alis anticis plumbeo-fuscis costa ciliisque citrino- flavis ; posticis flavis immaculatis : abdomine fusco apice flavo. Phalaena complana. Linn. Faun. Suec. 1153. — Syst. Nat. 840. Lithosia complana. Fab. Sup. 460. — Haw. Lep. 107- Habitat in Europa vulgatissime. COMMON LITHOSIA. Anterior wings lead -coloured fuscous, with the anterior margin and fringe citron yellow ; hinder wings yellow, without spots. Common in most parts of Europe, and in Britain. Ill VESPA. Vespa, Auctorum. Character Generic us. Antenna sub fronte insertae, approximate, geniculate, ab articulo tertio gradatim subclavatae, apice acu- minatae : articulis tredecim in maribus arcuatis, duodecim in fceminis. Mandibidce elongato-quadrate ad apicem oblique trun- cate, latere apicali quadridentato (latere infero latiore), dente secundo inferis latiore. Clypens ad apicem late truncatus, tenue emarginatus et utrinque unidentatus. Abdomen ovali-conicum antice abrupte truncatum et brevissime pediculatum. WASP. Generic Character. Antennce inserted under the front, approximate, genicu- lated, gradually thickening from the third joint, with their extremities acuminate : composed of thirteen arcuate joints in the males, twelve in the females. Mandibles elongate- quadrate, with the point obliquely truncated, the apical edge broader than the under edge, four-toothed, the second tooth broader than the under ones. Clypeus with the apex broadly truncate, slightly notched, and furnished with a tooth on each side. Abdomen oval-conic, anteriorly abruptly truncate, and very shortly pedunculated. 112 All the Vespce live in societies, which consist of males, females, and neuters or working wasps. Some impregnated females or queens survive the winter, and in the spring they construct for themselves a small nest containing a few cells, in each of which they deposit an egg. These eggs in very short time produce larvae (or maggots), which are fed by the parent until they arrive at maturity, when she closes the mouth of their cells. To- wards the latter end of the summer they change into the perfect state, and this brood consists entirely of neuters, who with the female, construct a new nest of a larger size, in the cells of which, the female deposits the remaining portion of her eggs, whose offspring are fed and brought up by the neuters. This second brood is made up of males, females, and neuters, and the latter inmates either unite their efforts to enlarge the nest, or a part of them construct a new habitation, and some of the females live over the winter. Thus far I have ventured to assert from my own observations. TAB. L. VESPA BRITANNICA. V. thorace atro postice punctis duobus pedibusque flavis; femoribus basi, tibiisque quatuor anteriori- bus macula nigris. Habitat in Britannia ; in Anglia rarius, in Caledonia vulgatissime. Caput atrum macula inter antennas biloba flava. Antenna atrae ; scapo antice flavo. Fades antice flava linea longitudinali atra. *»«f^ 4* * ** + so Sbfwnm^y*™*^ V*1'«-6&i<<'^> &v Kf A/Si**- 1 *n.i4t°-a»«»i ^^,^0%, Tuu(rfa-^^d <6y R-rSSSd « 117 VARIEGATED COUCAL, Variegated with rufous, yellow and black ^hinder part of the back black, tail black above, with transverse varie- gated bands. IS The locality of this beautiful coucal, which is preserved in the British Museum, is not known. The figure is about one-third of the natural size. POLOPHILUS LEUCOGASTER. TAB. LII. P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo pectoreque nigris, scapis albido notatis, pennis nigro rutbque alternatim fasciatis ; ventre albido ; dorso flavo, albido nigro- que alternatim fasciato ; femoribus luteis ; cauda nigra transversim albido lineata. Habi f '"i Australasia. WHITE-BELLIED COUCAL. Head, neck, throat, and breast black, the scapi spotted with whitish, the feathers alternately banded with black and rufous ; belly whitish ; back yellow, alternately banded with black and white ; thighs luteous ; tail black, with transverse white lines. Inhabits New Holland, whence it was received by Mr. Leadbeater (of Brewer-street), a most excellent preserver of birds. It is of the same size with the preceding species. y 2 119 D1PSAS. Character Genericus. Testa fluviatilis, bivalvis, sequivalvis, transversa, impres- sionibus muscularibus tribus : cardo in utraque valva externe lamelliformis. ANIMAL DIPSAS. Generic Character. Shell fresh- water, bivalve, asquivalve, transverse, with three muscular impressions : hinge in each valve with a lamelliform tooth. Animal unknown. The systematic situation of Dipsas is between the fresh- water genera Unio and Anodonta ; genera most widely se- parated from each other in the artificial system *, the pre- valence of which in Britain, is indeed to be lamented, as it not only retards the advancement of science, especially in ascertaining the natural affinity of kindred genera, hut cannot even be rendered subservient to the views of the geologist, to whom alone the knowledge of shells, without a minute consideration of the animal, can in any manner be considered as interesting or useful. * The Linnean genus My A affords an excellent example of the evil resulting from artificial arrangement: under this head we find several genera with distinct animals and shells, having no affinity with each other ; some not even agreeing with the almost unlimited characters laid down, many inhabiting the sea, others fresh water, confusedly mixed to- gether, without even any distribution into intelligible section*. 120 The hinge at once distinguishes the shell oiDipsas from Anodcuta, but the animal is probably the same, or is very nearly allied to it. DIPSAS PLICATUS. TAB. LIU; Testa viridescente-lutea interne margaritacea iricolore, insequaliter alata ; ala majore longituclinaliter um- boneque transversim plicatis. Habitat Mus. Brit. FOLDED DIPSAS. Shell greenish-luteous, internally pearly and irridescent, unequally winged ; the larger wing longitudinally, and the umbo transversely folded. The specimen from which the annexed figure was taken, has fourteen pearls adhering to it, and is preserved in the Bri- tish Museum ; it formed a part of the collection of Sir Hans Sloane ; and is enumerated in the catalogue as " a Bohe- mian river horse-mussel, with pearls sticking to the shell." In the Museum there are several fragments of the same species, with groups of pearls attached to them. 9~> ..-n ^j.r+.^u rtMtyi<.-> 4, r*s£^ 12] LUPA. Cancer, Linncei. Portuni's, Fabr., Lam., Latr., Bosc. Lupa, Leach. Character Genericus. Antenna, externa? setacese, articulis duobus primis majoribus, ultimo (seu tertio) e plurimis articulis minutis efformato. Pedipalporum geminorum externorum caulis interni articulus secundus ad internum latus subemargina- tus pro palporum insertione. Ocull magni pedunculo crassiores. Testa margine antico sub-semielliptico-arcuato, lateri- bus postice in angulum convergentibus ; postice truncata ; latera (ssepius) 9-dentata dente postico longissimo. Orbita postice bifissa et infra externe unifissa, cantho interno imperfecto. Pedum par anticum majus didactylum ; paria 2, 3, et 4 simplicia unguibus compressis, elongatis, longitudi- naliter sulcatis instructa ; par quintum compres- sum, foliaceum, natatorium. Abdomen articulis 2 et 3 transversim carinatis, utrinque productis : maris 5-articulatum (segmentis 2, 3, et 4 saepissime confluentibus), articulo medio longiore, articulis 4 et 5 prascedente augustioribus hoc mi- nimo: femince 7-articulatum articulo ultimo praerr- dente haud abruptissime augustione. 122 LUPA. Generic Character. External antennce setaceous, with the two first joints largest, the third composed of several minute articulations. External double pedipatpes with the second joint of their internal footstalk slightly notched at their internal side, for the insertion of the palpes. Shell anteriorly semielliptic, the sides gradually converg- ing towards an angle ; hinder part truncate ; sides (ge- nerally) with nine teeth, the hinder of which is very long. Orbit behind with two, below externally with onefnsure ; internal angle imperfect : eyes thicker than their peduncle. Feet various ; anterior pair largest, didaotyle ; the se- cond, third, and fourth pair simple, with compressed elongate nails, which are longitudinally grooved; fifth pair compressed, leaf-like, formed for swimming. Abdomen with the second and third joints transversely carinated and produced on each side : of the male, five- jointed (the second, third, and fourth joints often coalesc- ing) ; the middle joint longest, and broader than the fol- lowing joints, the last of which is very small : of the ferna^ composed of seven joints, the last not very abruptly nar- rower than the sixth joint. 'Jto^ £.,^«»«-»«*,-r««*^''> < ■/toc^S". j: V23 LUPA FORCEPS. TAB. LTV. • , L. testa granulata; brachiis antics i>- y«j^t-A /^&,„.3cm. 127 POLOPBILUS. Character, page 115. TAB. LVI. POLOPHILUS LATHAMI. P. capite, collo, gula, jugulo, pectore, abdomine femo- ribusque nigris albido-sparsis ; dorso alisque rufes- centibus, tectricibus fasciis obscuris, remigibus ma- culis distinctis nigris ; cauda nigra lineis transversis, subinterruptis, albidis. Habitat LATH A MIAN COUCAL. Head, neck, throat, breast, belly, and thighs black, sprinkled with whitish ; back and wings reddish, wing- coverts obscurely banded, wing-quills distinctly spotted with black ; tail black, with narrow, transverse, somewhat interrupted, whitish bands. The only specimen of this species that I have seen, is preserved in the British Museum ; but its locality is un- known. It is named after our celebrated ornithologist, Dr. Latham, whose labours justly entitle htm to this mark of distinction, a a ^> * ** tf^ ^r^W^?"^' p* j>«£fi«f .■» £y A^a*" PINNA. Pinna Auctorum. Character Genericus. Testa bivalvis elongata, cuneiformis, ad basin atte- nuate, antice hians, interne impressione unica, raus- culari, subcentrali: cardo inermis ; ligamentum lon- gissimurn, laterale. A n i m a l acephalum, byssoferum ; bysso sericeo. PINNA. Generic Character. Shell bivalve, elongate, wedge-shaped, with the base attenuated, anteriorly gaping, infernally with one nearly central muscular impression ; hinge without teeth ; ligament lateral and very long. Animal acephalous, furnished with a silky beard. The animals of this genus, named in Britain macres, sea- luingS) or pinncz mariner, were celebrated among the an- cients for the fine cloth manufactured from their beards, and on account of a little crab that was often observed to inhabit their shells. This crab, named pinnotheres, was supposed to guard the pinna from the attacks of its enemies, or to warn it of the entrance of little fishes within its gap- ing shells, by gently biting its side, on which the animal was believed to close its shells, and to secure their mutual booty. No satisfactory reason has been assigned for the a :; 130 habitation of the Pinnotheres *. The byssus of pinna squa- mosa is often manufactured into gloves at Palermo and Naples. Pinnce seem to be subject to very -considerable variety, both in form and sculpture, even in ':t(ie different stages of growth, which causes the. species^ to be but little under- stood. TAB. LVII. PINNA SACCATA. P. testa saccata laevi (anticc saltern) costata, externe subabrupte producta subdistorta. P. alba. Rumph. Amboin. t. 46, f. n. P. saccata. Linn, Syst. Nat. xii. 116'0, 268. Gmel. Syst. Nat. Habitat in oceano Indico. BAG PINNA. Shell smooth, bag-shaped (anteriorly at least), ribbed, externally abruptly produced, somewhat distorted. This rare pinna is readily distinguished from all other species by its distorted irregular form. Some specimens are ribbed from the base to the point, others only ante- riorly. Inhabits the Indian seas, and is esteemed a very rare species. * For an account of the Pinnotheres, of which genus many species art known, see Leach's Malacostraca podophlhalmata Britannia, No. I. 131 HALIOTIS. Character, page 53. TAB. LVIII. HALIOTIS CRACHERODII. H. supra caerulescente-niger, umbone laterali-dorsali : interne margaritaceus iricolor. Habitat in California. CRACHERODIAN EARSHELL. Bluish-black above, umbo lateral-dorsal ; internally pearly and iridescent. The specimen from which the annexed figure is taken, forms a part of that splendid collection of shells bequeathed to the British Museum by the late Rev. C. M. Cracherode, whose name it bears. It is said to be a native of the Cali- fornian coast, and is generally esteemed a rare species. The Rev. S. Weston, possesses a specimen of this shell, which he purchased as a production of the Greenland sea ; the above locality, however, is most probably correct. 133 CARYOPHYLLIA. Madrepora, Linn., Ellis. C a r r o p h r l l i a , De Lamarck) Fleming. Character Genericus. Corallium inverso-conicum, sub-infundibuliforme, lapi- deum, (saepius simplex) basi affixum : corona lamel- lis duplici serie dispositis, exterioribus majoribus. " Animal tentaculis plurimis carneis, teretibus, sim- plicibus, integris." Dom. T. Smith. CARYOPHYLLIA. Generic Character. . Coral invefse-conic, somewhat infundibuliform, stony (generally simple), attached by its base : crown with lamellee disposed in a double series, the outer ones largest. Animal with many round, simple, entire, fleshy ten- tacules;' For the discovery of the animal of this genus of corals, we are indebted to the attentive researches of Thomas Smith, Esq. F. L. S. of Paper-buildings, Temple, who ob- served an indigenous species of Caryophyllia on the southern coast of Devonshire, adhering to a rock in a pool of water. The corals of this genus generally form single stalks, and are rarely found attached to each other. . 134 TAB. LIX. CARYOPHYLLIA CYATHUS. C. lamellis iritegris, m&rginibus obscure undulatis ; ex* terioribus regulariterinaequalibus*,' interioribus aequa- libus; disco prominulo hmbriato-undulato, ruguloso. Madrepora Cyathus. Ellis Hist. Nat. Zooph. p. 150. Gmelin. Syst. Nat. 375?. Caryopbyllia Cyathus. Lamarck Syst. des Anim. sans Verteb. 570. Habitat in Mediterraned mari. CUP CARYOPHYLLIA. Lamellae entire, margins obscurely undulating : exterior lamelhe regularly unequal, interior ones equal ; centre pro- minent, with an undulating, roughish fringe. This species is subject to some variety in form : the outer series of lamellae generally consists of alternate larger and smaller lamellae, but in some specimens the larger la- mellae regularly and alternately vary in size. It is very common in the Mediterranean sea, and is most frequently found adhering to red coral (Isis nobilis). &V *> „ 135 LYCiENA. Lvc^na, Fabr., Leach, PoLYOMMATUS, Lcitr. Pa pi l io, Linn. Character Genericus. Antennaz capitulo abrupto, subovato. Palpi prominuli, triarticulati, subconici, articulis se- cundo longiore, tertio cylindrico-conico, subnudo. Pedes in utroque sexu sex ambulatorii; tarsi unguibus minutis iiistructi excipientes, integral in his, cauclatae aut dentatag in illis ; tibia? posticae calcibus duobus instructs. Ala? erectae ; postica? abdomen in canali. Larva ovalis. Pupa brevis, utrinque obtusa. ARGUSFLY. Generic Character. Antennce with an abrupt, somewhat ovate club. Palpi prominent, triarticulated, somewhat conic, the second joint largest, the third somewhat naked. Feet in both sexes six, formed for walking ; tarsi with minute nails ; hinder tibia' with two spurs. Wings erect ; hinder ones receiving the abdomen in a channel ; entire in some, tailed or notched in others. The flight of the Lycamce is very rapid. The European species inhabit the borders of the woods, fields, and heaths, and the sexes generally differ from each other in colour. The antenna? of all the species that I have examined, were black annulated with white. 136 TAB. LX. LYCiENA IGNITA. L. alis supra nigris, disco purpurescente nitido ; subtus cinereo-brunneis, maculis igneo-rubris caeruleo-ar- genteo-marginatis, anticis costa basilari fulva. Habitat in Australasia. FIERY ARGUSFLY. Wings black above with a shining purple disc, cinereous- brown beneath with fire-red spots bordered with silvery- blue, anterior ones with the base of the costal margin ful- vous. This splendid species of Lyccena inhabits New Holland. The anterior wings of the male have a much broader mar- gin of black than those of the female. The rays of the internal wing-bone of the hinder wings are generally ful- vous, but are sometimes found black. Fig. l. Female. 2. Male. 3. Underside, which in both sexes is the same. 137 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. SCIURUS PALMARUM. S. pilis fulvo fuscoque mistis ; dorso lineis tribus late- ralibus pallidis, gula ventreque albidis, auribus sub- rotundatis imberbibus. Sciurus Palmarum. Linn. Gmel. Le Palmiste. Huff on. Var. (3. cauda ad apicem penicillata. Sciurus penicillatus. Page 6, Tab. I. PALM SQUIRREL. Body covered with a mixture of fulvous and brown hair, having three lines on the back and the sides pale yellow- ish : throat and belly whitish ; ears somewhat rounded, not tufted. Var. (3. Tail with the apex pencilled. Pencil tailed Squirrel, page 6, Table I. — <— — 1M Jiil^ 111— —I iJIIUMM 1— HlllMlnl— !■—— « I— ■■1—^11 — ^B^^MJU Pag. 27, lin. 5, adde, Satyrus, Latr. 57, _ 2 , pro P1CTUS lege STOLLII. 91, — 12, adde, Mictis. 100, inter lineas 8 & 9> adde, cancer bipes. Oth. Fabr. Fr. Green. No. £23, /. 2. 100, lin. 1(5, post adde, " by Otbo Fabricius, and afterwards by." 109, proLlTHOSTA DISPAR lege LITHOSIA REPLANA. 1 10, inter lin. 2 et 3, adde, Lithosia replana. Lewin Nat. Uist. Lep. ins. of New South Wales, p. 16, Tab. 15. 110, lin. 10, pro dispar lege replana. «y V «s <*£tv *v> '3^aw^v^-nM-C3*i»a^«-^cD«y« r J>SS>~- ■JoA^.frt <(, f f,n}. INDEX SYSTEM ATICUS, Tvrus I. VERTEBROSA. Classis Mammalia. Sciurus, character genericus Palmarnm Id Arvicola, gen. charact. . . . Xanthognatha . Classis Aves. Lanius, char, gen ■ lineatus doiiatus naevius obscurus Griolus, char, gen mexicanus xanthornus Amblyramphus, char. gen. bicolor Pipra, char, gen • Desmaretii Certliia, char, gen ■ Australasiae Cuculus, char, gen afer Polophilus, char. ge7i. phasianus variegatus leucdgaster Lathami . . Classis RtPTiLiA. Acanthophis, char. gen. Brownii . Classis Pisces. Xiphias, char. gen. . . . Rondeletii . . . Pag. 5 6 137 59 60 19 20 39 40 49 7 s 9 81 S2 93 04 29 30 71 72 115 Ii6 116 117 127 26 6 10 36 41 i l 31 46 56 27 Hippocampus, char. gen. . trimaculatus ■■ Antiquorum ramulosus . Typus II. MOLLUSC A Classis Gasteropoda. Voluta, char. gen subnodosa Zebra lineata Strombus, char. gen. . . . Sloanii Haliotis, char. gen. ruber Cracherodii . . . Paciollus, char, gen ■ scalaris Auricula, char. gen. midae Scarabus, char. gen. imhrium Carychium, char. gen. . . . undatum minimum . . . Bulimus, char, gen hcemastomus . . . Bulimnlus, char. gen. . . . acutus trifasciatus . . . Classis Acicphala. Tenebralula, char. gen. . sangi inea Pinna, char, gen — — saccata Margarita, char. gen. . . . Sinensis Pag. 103 104 104 105 23 24 31 31 51 52 53 54 131 65 66 73 74 95 90 83 84 84 67 68 41 41 42 75, 76 I 2Q 130 107 ios' 47 8 12 12 22 58 28 32 42 37 W 18 18 33 57 48 uo INDEX SYSTEMATICA. I Pag. i Tab. " Avicula, char, gen 85 — ! Tettigonia Harrisii . . radiata I 98: 43 i Scutelltra, char. gen. Chinensis | 86; 38 sexrnaculata . morio 86 ! 38 Mictis, char. gen. . . Dipsas, char, gen |l 19] — I crucifera .__ p'icatus |J20i 53 Papilio, char gen Solen, chai gen, . Cevlonensis i 2l 22 TtpusIII. ANNULOSA. Classis Crustacea. Lupa, char, gen I2i forceps 123 99 100 Nebalia, char. gen. — — — Herbstii . Classis Arachnides. Ammothea, char. gen. ■ — Carolinensis , Nymphum, char. gen. . . . — . feraoratum . . . — ■ <;racile Classis Insecta. Lamia, char. gen. . picta Mantis, char. gen. . . Australasiae . . Phasma, char. gen. . . Violascens . . Gryllus, char. gen. . . i Australasiae . . Stollii Tettigonia, char. gen. — — . Marginata 13 14 77 78 20 20 55 56 57 &7 S9 Macleayanus . . 7 s Hipparchia, char. gen. — Banksii . . Lycaena, char. gen. . . ignita Hesperia, char, gen. picta .54 ornata .... — Agarista, char. gen. . . . 44 pictT | Lithosia, char. gen. $ replana — I complana 13 I Ourapteryx, char. gen. — politata ip i sambucaria lp j Ascalaphus, char. gen. j flavipes 4 34 9 24 25 39 Myrrr.eleon, char. gen. . . • erythrocephalum Nympbes, char, gen • Myrmyleonoides Vespa, char, gen — — Britannica Typus. ZOOPHYTA. Classis Polypa. Caryophyllia, char. gen. . . -■■ cyathus Tab. 39 14 40 10 60 55 55 Pag. 89 35 36 9» &2 15 17 27 28 135 136 125 126 126 37 38 15 109 110 79 80 SO 47 48 69 70 101 102 111 112 133 134 49 49 35 35 20 30 45 50 59 GENERAL INDEX, IN LATIN AND ENGLISH Acantbophis, Daudin . . . . • Brownii . . . . Brown's Acrydium, Latr Agarista - picta painted ......... Amblyramphus . bicolor . . — — bicolored . . Ammothea Carolina . . . . ■ Carolinensis . . Anodonta Anomia, Linn Argusfly fiery Arvicola, Dum agrestis Xanthognatha . . Ascalaphus, Fair . flavipes i yellow-legged Auricula, Sebce ■ Midae, De Lam. Auriculus, De Mont Auris Midae, Klein Avicula ■ black ■ Chinese - ' Chinensis morio ■ radiata ' ' radiated Pag. Tab. 11 12 3 12 3 55 — 37 — 38 15 38 15 81 — 82 36 82 36 33 — 34 13 34 13 Up — 75 — 135 — 136 60 5.9 — 60 — 60 26 47 — 48 20 48 20 73 — 74 32 73 — 74 32 85 — 86 38 86 38 86 38 86 38 98 43 98 43 Boa ambigua, Brow?i's MSS. Bucherbird, black and 7 white, Edw ) Bulimulus ■ acute acutus « . — three banded . . — — trifasciatus .... Bulimus, Bruguiere .... Bulimus, De Lam ■ • haemastomus, 7 De Lam j oblongus, Brug. roseus, De Mont. Bulla Pseudo Auris Mi- } dae, Martini ) Butterfly • Macleay's Campagnol fulvous-cheeked Cancer bipes, O. Fair. . . forceps, Herbst . . Carychium, Muller least - minimum, Mull. ' undulated .... ■ undulatum .... Caryophyllia, De Lam cup ————— cyathus, DeLam. Cerambyx, Linn Certhia, Linn — • Australasia; Chanteuses Pag. 12 Tab 3 39 16 41 — 41 18 41 18 42 18 42 18 73 67 ■"— 68 29 68 68 29 29 68 29 15 — 17 59 60 5 26 100 44 123 54 83 — 84 — 84 — 84 — 84 133 134 134 13 37 37 59 59 29 30 11 88 — 112 GENERAL INDEX. Cheval marin . Cicada Cimex, Linn. , Cochlea imbrium, Rumpk. Concha margaritifera Coucou edolio varietie, } Le Fail j Coucal, Le Vail Lathamian pheasant — — — variegated white-bellied . . . . Creeper New Holland Ctickow African pheasant, Lath. . . Cuculus afer ' phasianus, Lath. Culjaune petit de Cay- "I enne, Buff". J Dipsas ■ plicatus folded Earshell red Cracherodian .... Formicaleo, Geqjj'roy .... Gladius, Plin Gryllus, Fair — Australasia; Stollii Haliotis Cracherodii .... — ruber Helix acuta, Mailer carychium, Gmel. . . Scarabaeus, Linn. . . Hemerobius Hesperia, Latr - 1 ornata — picta Hipparchia, Fair Banksian „ .... Pag. Tab. 105! — 87 - 3.51 — - m 42 107 72 115 127 115 117 117 29 30 71 72 16 71 72 116 U9 120 120 53 54 131 69 0: 55 56 57 131 54 4 1 84 102 125 126 126 27 2 b 31 56 46 51 52 1 1 31 46 31 46 53 53 24 25 58 23 18 42 05 55 10 Hipparchia Banksii Hippocampus, Plin Antiquorum — — common . . . . — ramulosus . . three-spotted trimaculatus twig-bearing Horse, sea Humming-bird Lamia painted picta . Lan'us Cayennensis stria- 1 tus, Briss J doliatus, Linn lineatus naevius, Gmel obscurns, Gmel. . . Leaf, walking Lebia linearis Libelluloides, Schceffer . . Lithosia, Fair common complana, Fair. . . replant Lewin . . unequal Locust -» Australasian - painted . . . - Stoll's Lupa, Leach forceps slender-lingered Lycaena, Fair ■ ■ ■ • ignita Macre Madrepora cyathus, Ellis Manacus, Brisson .... Manakin Desmaretian . . Maniola, Schrank Mantis, Latr ■ Australasias 1 bispinosa, Shaw gigas, Shaw . . , Pag. 28 103 104 ]05 105 104 104 105 105 29 13 14 14 19 39 39 20 40 49 77 113 47 109 110 110 109 110 55 56 57 57 121 123 123 135 136 129 134 93 93 91 27 77 78 .25 25 GENERAL INDEX. 143 Margarita Sinensis . . Matrix perlarum .... Mictis ■ crucifera .... — — — cross bearing . . Monoculns rostratus, Montagu J Moth, swallow-tail .... Mya , Myrmyleon, Linn. ... Myrmyleon, Fair. . . . , ■ erythroce- "I phalum J ■ — red -headed . Mytilus, Linn Nebalia Herbstii ■ Herbstian Nymphalis, Latr Nymphes ■ antlion • Myrmyleonoides Nymphon, Fair Nymphum, De Lam. . . femoratum . . ■ gracile .... slender .... ■ thick-thighed Oreille de Midas fausse del Cayenne J Oriole •■ white shouldered "I Banana J - ■ black shouldered "1 Banana j — — lesser Banana, Lath. ~ var. "^ Lath. ? J Oriolus ■ mexicanus, Linn. — — — xanthornus, Shaw Osmylus , Ourapteryx Elder .... — — — — polished , . Pag. Tab. 107 108 48 107 — 91 — 92 40 92 40 108 44 80 35 H9 — 47 — 69 — 70 30 70 30 85 — 99 __ 100 44 100 44 2/ — 101 — 102 45 102 45 43 — 43 — 45 J 9 45 i.Q 45 19 45 •9 67 — 68 29 7 — 8 2 10 — 9 — 8 o m / 8 2 9 — 102 — 79 — 80 35 80 35 Ourapteryx politata sambucaria . . Padollus, De Mont ■ — staircase scalaris Palmist, Buffort, Ibid Papilio, Fair Agamemnon, Fair. • Machaon, Linn. Macleayanus .... Nereus, Linn. Podalirius, Linn. Sapcrdon, Fair. . . Parus Pearlshell — — — Chinese Phalaena complana, Linn. ■ ■ Sambucaria, Linn. Phalangium Grossipes, Linn marinum, ^ Strom ) Phasma, Latr violascens violet-winged .... rosea, Fair Pterigostia Fie-griesche rayce de Cay- } enne, Buff. \ Pinna saccata marina Pipra, Linn Desmaretii Polophilus Lathami ■ leucogaster « phasianus .... ■ variegatus .... Polyommatus, Latr Portuuus forceps, Her 1st. Pycnogonunij Midler .... Razor-grinder Razor-shell Ceylon Saperda lib 80 80 65 66 66 6 137 15 17 16 1/ 17 II 1/ 93 107 10b 110 60 4i 15 26 26 16 V 39 \nj 130 129 93 94 1 15 127 117 110 116 135 123 4: 90 21 22 13 Hi GENERAL INDEX. Satyrus, Latr: Scarabus, De Montfhrd . . < imbvial imbrium, DeMont, Sciurns Pal mar um Scutellera, Lam sexmaculata Shieldbusr Shrike six-spotted Skipper dusky, Lath lineated pied, Lath spotted, Lath. . . adorned ■painted . Solen, Linn. Ceylonensis . . Spectrum, Stud. . . Squirrel Palm Strombus, De Lam. • Sloan ii ■ Sloane's Sword-fish common . . . Rondeletian . Syngnatbns, Linn foliatns, Shaw Pa? Tab. ^7 05 9& 42 06 42 5 — 10/ 1 35 1 36 14 35 — 36 14 19 — 49 21 20 6 39 16 40 17 125 — 126 55 126 55 21 — 22 7 25 — 51 — 10/ l 51 — 52 22 52 22 61 — 63 — 62 2/ 03 j — 1041 — Syngnathus, hippocampus, ) Linn 5 Terebratula, De Lam. blood- red — — cranium ? . . . . sanguinea Tettigonia, Fabr ■ Harrisian . . . . Harrisii < marginata . . . . margined Tetyra, Fair Trigonocephaly, Oppel? . . Trochilus Turbo carychium, Montagu Unio Vespa, Latr Britannica ....... Voluta, De Lam ■ aurisMidae, Linn. — — lineata subnodosa ... . zebra Volute lineated slightly-knotted — — — zebra Wasp British Wins sea END OF VOL. I. Pag 104 75 76 76 76 87 89 S9 89 89 35 11 29 84 H9 ill 112 23 74 31 24 31 31 24 31 111 112 I2y Tab. 33 33 39 39 39 39 50 32 12 8 12 12 8 12 50 On the 1st of January, 1815, was published, By James Sowerby, No. 2, Mead-Place, Lambeth, In Royal Quarto, Price 7s. 6d. coloured; 6s. plain, No. I. OF Malq vostraca Podophthalmata Bri tannic?, Described by W. E. Leach, M.D. &c. &c. Illustrated by highly-finished Figures, By JAMES SOWERBY, F. L. S. &c Ac I. indon: Prinfcdjby B. 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